From 2007-2018, mushroom industry got rapid growth in Guan’nan County, by now, over 44 industrialized mushroom enterprises have been established within the county, varieties cover King oyster, Button, Enoki and others. In 2017, gross output on fresh mushroom came to 580,000 tons and output value hit 5 billion CNY in Guan’nan County. And from January to August of 2018, the county also gathered 396,000 tons of gross output and yielded 3.6 billion CNY of output value.

Guan’nan County holds a long history on aspect of mushroom production. Over the years, Guan’nan County closely combines with local reality, insists on grasping mushroom farming as the leading industry that optimizes industrial structure and promotes modern high-efficiency agriculture. Now, mushroom industry is leading the rapid growth trend in Guan’nan County, degrees of industrialized mushroom clustering rank first in China while output value is in amplification year by year.

Guan’nan County, Jiangsu Province of China situates in Southern margin of the North Temperature Zone, it is born with warm and wet monsoon climate condition, sufficient rainfall, wet environment and it quite fits for mushrooms’ growth. Over the years, mushroom industry has been showing the rapid growth within the county.

In modern agricultural garden zone of Guan’nan County, there gather over 50 enterprises engaging in industrialized mushroom production, in one of the most prestigious enterprises referring to Jiangsu Yuguan Modern Agricultural Technology Co., LTD, King oyster mushroom and Button mushroom are showing desirable growth tendency in the workshop.

“We are the most advanced and the largest enterprise specializing in domestication and production of White mushroom in China, in our workshop, at least 8 batches of production could be realized per year, and average daily output on White mushroom reaches nearly 100 tons, fresh mushrooms are sold well to the majority of cities in China while canned mushroom products gush into America, Canada and other nations and regions. The minimum annual sales value hits over 100 million CNY,” introduces Mr. Chen Jinhe, vice general manager of Yuguan Company passionately, adding that in 2017, gross foreign exchange earnings on mushroom export reached 4 million USD.

Nowadays, degree of industrialized mushroom enterprise clustering of Guan’nan County ranks first in China, gross output on King oyster mushroom, Button, Enoki mushroom and other varieties comes to 580,000 tons per year while annual output value reaches 5 billion CNY.

According to mushroom quotation provided by Gansu Lanzhou Zhangsutan Vegetable Wholesale Market, on April 15, King oyster mushroom, Yellow Enoki mushroom, Enoki mushroom, Brown Shimeji mushroom and Agrocybe cylindracea are 5 mushroom varieties that show price rise.

1. Price of King oyster mushroom has risen from 6 to 7.5 CNY per kg, indicating 25% of increase range.

2. Price of Yellow Enoki mushroom has risen from 14 to 16 CNY per kg, indicating 14% of increase range.

3. Price of Enoki mushroom has risen from 4 to 6.5 CNY per kg, indicating 63% of increase range.

4. Price of Brown Shimeji mushroom has risen from 12.5 to 13.4 CNY per kg, indicating 7% of increase range.

5. Price of Agrocybe cylindracea has risen from 12 to 14 CNY per kg, indicating 17% of increase range.

On the contrary, by April 15, Pleurotus nebrodensis and Oyster mushroom are 2 varieties that show price fall.

1. Price of Pleurotus nebrodensis has dropped from 26 to 24 CNY per kg, indicating 8% of decline range.

2. Price of Oyster mushroom has dropped from 7 to 5 CNY per kg, indicating 29% of decline range.

“Price of Shiitake mushroom, Superior Shiitake mushroom, White beech mushroom, Seafood mushroom and Button mushroom is respectively at 12 CNY, 16 CNY and 16.7 CNY, 8 CNY and 13 CNY per kg. Recently, price of industrialized mushroom varieties shows an overall upward trend in our market, Enoki mushroom and King oyster mushroom are quite evident on aspect of that,” introduces manager of Gansu Lanzhou Zhangsutan Vegetable Wholesale Market passionately.

Source: Paul Seaburn

“Is there evidence of life on Mars? An international team of research scientists, in a just published monograph titled “Evidence of Life on Mars? –consisting of a scholarly review of nearly 200 peer reviewed scientific studies– answer this age old question with a resounding “yes.” And they’ve included pictures of Martian specimens, photographed by NASA, which they say support their claims.”

What would you say if a team of legitimate scientists released a research paper claiming they have analyzed numerous photographs of Mars taken by the Opportunity and Curiosity rovers and concluded that there are mushrooms, algae, lichens and fungi growing not just on the surface of the planet but also on the surface of the rovers themselves? As the cry of “Pareidolia!” (assigning human-related characteristics to objects) rises from the skeptical and educated masses, study co-author and research team member Dr. Regina Dass of the Department of Microbiology at the School of Life Sciences in India responds in a press release with: “There are no geological or other abiogenic forces on Earth which can produce sedimentary structures, by the hundreds, which have mushroom shapes, stems, stalks, and shed what looks like spores on the surrounding surface. In fact, fifteen specimens were photographed by NASA growing out of the ground in just three days!”

With an exclamation point yet! That press release is referring to “Evidence of Life on Mars?”, a study published in the Journal of Astrobiology and Space Science Reviews which includes the images taken by the rovers which show the life forms. (Read the study and view the images here.) This isn’t one of those pay-for-publishing-without-peer-review journals either. The editors were so concerned about “negative blow back” that they gave the study to fourteen experts (eight Senior Editors and six independent scientists) for review, and eleven recommended publication.

NASA has made no comments so far on this controversial paper. That doesn’t surprise co-author Dr. Giorgio Bianciardi of the Department of Medical Science at Siena University. He recalls the equally controversial findings from the 1976 Mars Viking landings.

“Biological activity on Mars was first detected in 1976. NASA dismissed that evidence then inexplicably refused to equip any subsequent mission with life detection technology. As we detail in our review, there is now considerable evidence supporting Viking’s original findings of life on Mars.”

NASA generally attribute strange anomalies in Martian photographs to shadows and eroded rocks and says that the methane detected on the planet could have come from other sources besides decaying life forms. The authors agree, saying: “Similarities in morphology are not proof of life.” However, co-author, Dr. Nicolo Cantasano, a geobiologist at Italy’s National Research Council in Rome, reveals the thig however spotted in at least two of the photographs.

“However, wind would not account for what appears to be masses of black fungi growing on the rovers, and what appears to be white fungi, or bio-corrosion within a sheltered compartment atop the rover Curiosity.”The study uses those photos to point out what astronauts on the International Space Station already know … there’s no way to completely sterilize spacecrafts and the fungi could very well have been brought there on the rovers. However Number 2 – if this is the case, it at least confirms that mushrooms and fungi can grow in the harsh Martian environment. It could also reveal where the ground mushrooms came from – chucks of fungi-loaded Earth hurled into space when it was hit by massive asteroids.

The researchers admit that the only way to prove their speculations is to bring Martian soil back to Earth and urge NASA to pursue this more vigorously. They also admit the obvious: “In many respects the observations presented here could be described as circumstantial and do not rise to the level of “extraordinary evidence” thus precluding “extraordinary claims.” Although, collectively, the evidence, in total, weighs in favor of biology, we can only conclude that the question of life on Mars remains unanswered."

Does the evidence – photographs that look like mushrooms – really weigh in favor of biology?

Will the possibility of  ‘shrooms on Mars entice more people to apply for the trip?

Will you?

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